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Jharkhand - Quick Facts

State Capital: Ranchi 
Area: 79,714 Sq. Km.
Population: 32,988,134
Altitude: 651 m above sea level
Season: Pleasant and equable all over the year 
Clothing: Summer- Light cotton, Winter- Heavy woollen 
Rainfall: 1423.9 mm average
summer Temperature: 200-400C
Winter Temperature: 00-250C
Languages: Hindi, Santali, Mundari,Bengali,Oriya & Kurukh
Best Time To Visit: Feb-April


According to some of the historians, even before the period of Magadha Empire the state of Jharkand existed and was distinct in its geo-political, cultural entity. Raja Jai Singh Deo of Orissa was accepted as the ruler of Jharkhand by its people in the 13th century. The local tribal heads had developed into barbaric dictators who could govern the province neither fairly nor justly. Consequently, the people of this state approached the more powerful rulers of Jharkhand's neighbouring states who were perceived to have a more fair and just governance. This became the turning point in the history of the region wherein rulers from Orissa moved in with their armies and created states that were governed for the benefit of the people and involved their participation, thus ending the barbarism that had marked the region for centuries. The good tribal rulers continued to thrive and were known as the Munda Rajas, and exist to this day. (These are regions which are still semi- autonomous, the degree of autonomy depending on the size of each specific Munda Raja's domain)

During the Mughal period, the Jharkhand area was known as Kukara. After the year 1765, it came under the control of the British Empire and became formally known under its present title, "Jharkhand" - the Land of "Jungles" (forests) and "Jharis" (bushes). Located on Chhota Nagpur Plateau and Santhal Parganas, has evergreen forests, rolling hills and rocky plateaus with many places of keen beauty like Lodh Falls.The subjugation and colonization of Jharkhand region by the British East India Company resulted in spontaneous resistance from the local people. Almost one hundred years before India’s First War of Independence (1857), adivasis of Jharkhand were already beginning what would become a series of repeated revolts against the British colonial rule.

The 28th state of the Indian Union was brought into existence by the Bihar reorganization Act on November 15, 2000 - the birth anniversary of the legendary Bhagwan Birsa Munda. Jharkhand is famous for its rich mineral resources like Uranium, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Fieldspar, Coal (32% of India), Iron, Copper (25% of India) etc. Forests and woodlands occupy more than 29% of the state which is amongst the highest in India.


By Air
Jharkhand has a domestic airport in Ranchi, which is connected by regular flights with Kolkata, Patna, and Mumbai & New Delhi.

By Rail

The main Railway Station in Jharkhand is also located in Ranchi. South Eastern Railways connect it to other major cities like Patna, Roukema by regular trains. Another important railway station is in Hazaribagh.

By Road

Ranchi is located at the junction of National Highways 23 and 33. Extensive road network is under construction to facilitate road transport in the area and make Jharkhand easily accessible from any corner of the country.


The cultural mosaic of Jharkhand was dreamt about, shaped and polished by generations of communities, which have inhabited this land since time immemorial. From the legendary Asurs and Santhals, to the Banjara, Bihor, Chero, Gond, Ho, Khond, Lohra, Mai Pahariya, Munda, Oraon, Kol or Kawar-over thirty-two tribal groups (28 % of the total population of the state), have left their impression on the culture of the region. And with them, were the cross-cultural influences of local non-tribal communities and successive waves of Buddhism and Jainism, Mughal rule and the reign of the Hindu emperors of Bengal.

Art historians ascribe the 'oldest cave paintings' in India, the "scroll paintings" to a Jharkhand tribe known as the Shabars, who today live on the edge of extinction. It is an established fact that Stone Age tools discovered in Hazaribagh district and axes and spearheads found in the Chaibasa area, are remnants of a civilization dating back a few thousand years. 10,000 to 30,000 years old rock paintings, paintings in huge caves in the Sati hills and other indicators of ancient, even pre-historic, human settlements are found in profusion.


Jharkhand Cuisine is not much different from the cuisine of the neighboring Bihar. Much like Bihar, Litti-Chokha is the staple diet of the people of the state and eaten with much joy. While Litti is a baked or deep fried wheat cake filled with black gram powder, Chokha is mashed potato seasoned with green chilies, onion, tomato and ginger. Most of the people of Jharkhand are vegetarians. Hence, several types of vegetarian items dominate the Jharkhand Cuisine. This is not to suggest that people are not fond of non-vegetarian delicacies. Actually, various varieties of mouth-watering non-vegetarian items – – including spicy chicken, fish and meat curry--are prepared and much enjoyed by the food lovers of the state.Mustard oil is usually used to prepare the various non-vegetarian and non-vegetarian items. Panch-Phutana, a clever mix of five spices (cumin, mustard, fenel, fenugreek, and kalonji), is used to season the various vegetables.

On the whole, the food prepared in Jharkhand is usually light on the stomach and easy to digest. A touch of the Mughali cuisine is visible on the state cuisine. Roti (bread), rice, dal (pulses) and tarkari (vegetables), bhujia (thinly sliced fried vegetables) constitute the main meal for most of the people in the state. A variety of pickles and chutneys are eaten along with the meals. On Saturdays, people prefer to eat Khichdi (rice cooked with pulses and seasoned with turmeric and chilly powder) with curd, a variety of pickles and chutneys (made from raw mangoes, lemon and tamarind), papad and chokha.


Jharkhand originally a tribal state is known for its wood work, bamboo works, pitkar paintings, tribal ornaments and stone carving. The beautifully carved wood products and bamboo products show the craftsmanship of the people. Lack of promotion and marketing for these products has mostly resulted in extinction of some crafts like paitkar paintings and stone carvings.


Jharkhand is home to large number of fairs and festivals celebrated throughout the year. Indian Holiday offers to give you online information on fairs and festivals in Jharkhand, India. Famous for its rich culture especially the tribal culture, Jharkhand is a home to number of fairs and festivals celebrated all the year round. Besides, the cattle play a very important role in the fairs and festivals of Jharkhand. You will see big cattle fair, which includes sale and purchase of cattle in most of these festivals Held at the time of Phalgun Shivratri, Kunda Mela in Pratappur is one of the major festivals of Jharkhand and is marked by the sale of cattle. Started in 1882, Chatra Mela is another major festival of Jharkhand and is mainly a cattle fair held during Durga Puja. Besides, Kundri Mela, Kolhaiya Mela, Tutilawa Mela, Lawalong Mela, Belqada Mela, Sangharo Mela etc. are some of the other important fairs and festivals in Jharkhand.


Shopping in Jharkhand mainly consists of tribal handicrafts. The population of Jharkhand is dominated by several groups of tribes who have developed over ages a rich tradition of arts and crafts. The expert hands of the artisans of Jharkhand work out exquisite variety of handicrafts. Until the government of the new state focused its attention, some traditional handicrafts were pushed to the verge of extinction due to lack of promotion and conservation. You may be still lucky enough to grab an item or two of rare Paitkar Paintings or Stone carving while shopping in Jharkhand. For shopping in Jharkhand, you would have check out at the private shops and local markets. Government Emporia are yet to make it big in the newborn state. Street-side vendors often offer great variety and good bargain.
•        Wood Craft
•        Paitkar Paintings
•        Bamboo works
•        Metal Work
•        Stone Carving
•        Ornaments


Netarhat | Chatra | Giridih | Ranchi | Palamu | Hazaribagh | Deoghar | Dhanbad | Jamshedpur | Bokaro.

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